The understanding and application of AVO and attribute analysis is vital to any seismically driven exploration or development program. This course is a MUST for all geoscientists who utilize seismic data in their interpretations. Course instructor will demonstrate key principles and pitfalls related to AVO and seismic attribute analysis including the suitability of seismic data for analysis, preserving amplitudes, properly modeling AVO/AVA and attribute response and matching the predicted response with seismic data, and avoiding pitfalls. These principles control the success or failure of AVO and seismic attributes, and with it the potential success of an exploration program.

Other key aspects of the course include:

1. Detailed discussion on how to select appropriate acquisition parameters and processing flow to properly record and preserve AVO and seismic attribute anomalies

2. Demonstration and discussion of blocking logs using zonation, mean and variance methods to develop AVO/AVA and attribute models. How to extract interval velocities from stacking velocities through ray-tracing in the presence of dip. Discussion on how to select appropriate wavelet for modeling

3. Prediction of AVO/AVA and attribute responses using properly generated models and comparison with AVO/AVA extracted from seismic data

4. Extensive discussion of pitfalls in AVO and seismic attributes and how to avoid them throughout this presentation

5. Geo-statistics analysis (This step including variograms analysis and trends determination).

The course concepts are reinforced with a number of real world exercises conducted throughout the course to enhance understanding of the principles presented. Some of these exercises are:

1. Exercises on the tuning thickness effect on AVO, extraction of rock properties (λ μ ρ), AVO interpretation and cross plotting techniques, thin bed thickness estimation from amplitudes and related pitfalls, absorption due to thick reservoir, and many other topics

2. Group discussion and selection of acquisition parameters and processing flow for AVO and attributes

3. Group discussion to develop a risk analysis spreadsheet for AVO which encompasses all factors in acquisition, processing, modeling, and interpretation

4. Group discussion and exercise on how to select appropriate attributes for analysis over a prospect

PART 1

Fundamental of Steam Injection Processes

1. Basic of Steam Injection

2. Steam Quality

3. Steam Injection Process

4. Steam Injection Process Mechanisms

5. Steam Distillation

6. Gas Stripping

7. In situ Solvent Drive

8. Viscosity reduction

9. Thermal Expansion

10. Solution Gas Drive

11. Gravity Segregation

12. Emulsion Drive

13. Cycle Steam Injection

14. Process Description

15. Mechanisms of Cycle Steam Process

16. References

PART 2 

Criteria for Evaluating Steam Injection Prospects

1. Introduction

2. Rock and Fluid Properties

3. Pay Zone Thickness

4. Depth and Reservoir Pressure

5. Permeability and Transmissibility

6. Stratification

7. Anisotropy

8. Gas Cap or Aquifer

9. Dip Angle

10. Porosity

11. Oil Saturation

12. Clay Content

13. Crude Oil Characteristics

14. Gravity

15. Viscosity

16. Field History and Status

17. References

PART 3

Project Planning

1. Introduction

2. Reservoir Selection

3. Depth

4. Oil in Place

5. Reservoir Segregation and in-homogeneities

6. Preliminary Evaluation

7. Laboratory Analysis

8. Comprehensive Investigation

9. Comprehensive Performance Investigation

10. Comparison with Conventional Practices

11. Pilot Test

12. Summary

13. References

PART 4

Economic Of Steam Injection

1. Introduction

2. Economic Factors in steam Injection Operation

3. Estimation of Economically recoverable Oil

4. Stream Injection Project cost

5. Cost Estimate

6. Development Cost

7. Well Cost

8. Water Treatment

9. Summary

10. References

PART 5

Water Treatment for Steam Generation

1. Water for Steam Generation

2. Water Treatment Consideration

3. Total Hardness

4. Alkalinity

5. Oxygen

6. Sulfides

7. Total Dissolved solids

8. Total Suspended Solids

9. Iron

10. Oil

11. Silica

12. pH

13. Ion Exchange Unit Operation Problems

14. Resins stability

15. Varying Water Quality

16. Poor Operational Practices

17. Mechanical Problems

18. Ion Exchange Calculations

19. Hardness monitoring

20. Source Water Properties and Problems  of a Water system

21. Summary

22. General References

PART 6

Steam Generation

1. General features of Oil Field Steam Generators

2. Generator Selection

3. Design Requirements for Oilfield Steam Generators

4. Steam Gen0erator Components

·        Feed Water System

·        Feed Water Pre-heater

·        Fuel System

·        Combustion Air System

·        Convection  Section

·        Radiant section

5. Steam Generator Control

6. Process Description

7. Fuel System

8. Combustion Air System

9. Steam Generator Specifications

10. Fuel for Oil Field Generators

11. Natural Gas

12. Steam Generator operation and Problems

13. Tube failure

14. Other operation problems

15. Steam Generator Maintenance

16. Steam Generator Efficiency Calculations

17. Down Hole Steam Generator

18. Summary

19. References

PART 7

Steam Distribution

1. Introduction

2. Components of a steam distribution network

3. Main Steam Headers

4. Steam Flow rates and Pressure Drops

5. Expansion of Steam lines

6. Expansion of steam headers

7. Wellhead connections

8. Support of Steam Lines

9. Insulation and heat loss

10. Effect of branching on Steam Quality

11. Wellhead Equipment

12. Summary

13. References

PART 8

Steam Quality

1. Introduction

2. Surface Steam Quality Measurement

3. Separator Method

4. Orifice Metering Method

5. Total Dissolved Method

6. Electric Conductivity Method

7. Enthalpy Determination Method

8. Neutron Densitometer Steam Quality Measurement System

9. Summary

10. References

PART 9

Thermal Well Completion Practices

1. Introduction

2. Temperature effects on Casings and Tubings

3. Thermal Well Casing design

4. Tubing Strings Consideration

5. Thermal Well Completion

6. Cementing

7. Perforating

8. Openhole Gravel Packs

9. Consolidated packs

10. Suggested Steam Injection and Production well drilling and completion Procedures

11. DownHole Equipment

12. Packer Installation

13. Seal Systems

14. Summary

15. References

Interpreters, geophysicists, geologists, technical support personnel, seismic processors, exploration and data processing managers and data acquisition managers.